画家杨云||藏地画谈：抗英名城—

画家杨云||藏地画谈：抗英名城——江孜

日期：2021-9-13 作者：Aipunyc 分类： 2021 浏览：214

画家杨云

Painter Yang Yun

西藏山南的江孜县，是一座英雄的城市。

“红河谷”这部电影就是根据当年真实历史场景的再现而名声大噪，享誉中外。

Gyangze County in Tibet is a heroic city.

The movie "Red River Valley" gained fame for reshowing the real historical scenes.

2015年藏历新年的前两天，我与老师一行怀着崇敬之心登上了江孜宗山。

Two days before Tibetan New Year in 2015, my teacher and I went up to Gyangze Dzong with a heart of reverence.

站在山顶呼啸的寒风迎面吹拂，一马平川的江孜城尽收眼底，“江孜宗山英雄纪念碑”，矗立在山脚，半山的炮台上，架设着当年的土炮。城堡上留下的弹痕历历在目。此刻，耳边仿佛想起了炮火的轰鸣和厮杀的呐喊；眼前浮现出藏民将士纵身跃下悬崖的悲壮画面……

Standing on the top of the mountain the wind blows, the plain Gyangze County is under the view. The "Gyangze Dzong Heroes Memorial Monument" stands at the foot of the mountain, on top of the fort at mid-level builds the pedereroes from years ago. The bullet marks are still present on the Gyangze Dzong. At this time, the roar of the cannons and the shouts of soldiers ring by my ears; and the tragic scenes of Tibetans jumping off the cliff floats into my sight...

1902年，清光绪28年，英国以西藏侵犯印度边境，不履行印藏条约为借口入侵西藏。英军首领荣赫鹏、麦克唐纳率3000军人，从亚东，帕里一线对西藏大规模的进犯。在攻占帕里后向江孜推进。

In 1902, the 28th year of Emperor Guangxu, the British military invaded Tibet under the excuse of not fulfilling the Indian-Tibetan treaty. The British leader Sir Francis Younghusband and James Macdonald led 3000 soldiers intruded Tibet from Yadong County and Pari and pushed beyond to Gyangze.

1903年7月英军在接连攻陷了江孜周边的乃宁寺、紫金寺后切断了江孜与日喀则的全部联系。从东、南、西三面把江孜团团包围，并提出了7月5日前藏军必须全部撤出江孜的条件，遭到十三世达赖喇嘛的断然拒绝，一场江孜抗英保卫战就此打响。

In July 1903, the British consecutively captured Naining Monastery and Zijin Temple that are both near Gyangze, then cut off all communication between Gyantse and Shigatse. They surrounded the region from the East, the South, and the West, and warned that by July 5th all Tibetan soldiers must retreat from Gyangze. It was rejected by the 13th Dalai Lama, thus the defensive war against the British began.

藏军在扎林的指挥下，在康马西北杂昌峡谷也称红河谷设伏，将进入谷内的英军先头部队30余人全部歼灭，英军十分恼怒，动用机枪大炮猛烈报复，缺乏训练，靠大刀、长矛、弓箭、火炮枪的藏军不敌洋枪洋炮的攻击，且战且退到江孜宗山奋勇抵抗。英军围住中山切断粮食饮水，在重炮的掩护下向守卫的藏军发动了多次进攻，妄图拿下宗山。守军将士浴血奋战数日，在弹尽粮绝的情况下，打光了火炮用尽了山头的石块后一百多伤残的藏军战士砸烂火绳枪，相互搀扶从后山的绝壁上纵身跃下，献出了宝贵的生命。

Under the command of Zalin, the Tibetan army set up an ambush in Zachang Gorge, also known as the Red River Valley, in the northwest of Kangmar, and wiped out more than 30 British troops who entered the valley first, which angered the foreigners. But the Tibetan army with broadswords, spears, bows, arrows, and artillery guns lost to the attacks of western guns and cannons. They fought and retreated to Gyangtse Dzong to resist. Then the British army surrounded Dzong and cut off food and drinking water. Under the protection of heavy artillery, they launched multiple attacks on the guarding Tibetan army in an attempt to take down Dzong. The defending soldiers fought bloodily for several days. When they ran out of ammunition and food, and everything that they could use, more than a hundred disabled Tibetan soldiers smashed their matchlock guns and helped each other to the cliff in the back of the mountain then jumped off.

江孜失守后英军越过雅鲁藏布江，攻入拉萨，迫使十三世达赖政府签订了《拉萨条约》。

After Gyangze fell, the British army crossed the Yarlung Zangbo River into Lhasa, forced the 13th Dalai Lama to sign the "Convention Between Great Britain and Tibet".

历时两个多月的江孜抗英保卫战，悲壮地结束。这是西藏近代史上一场抗击外国侵略的最为惨烈悲壮的战斗。西藏人民捍卫家园不畏强权的民族精神得以充分的体现，那些为之献出宝贵生命的抗英将士将永垂不朽！

The defense war of Gyangze to Britain that lasted for two months ended. This was the most tragic combat against a foreign power in Tibetan modern history. The nationalist spirit of the people was fully expressed and the heroes who sacrificed life will be immortal!

时光流逝，斗转星移，一百多年前的惨烈战场如今已焕发新颜，朝拜在高高的“江孜宗山英雄纪念碑”前，我默默地许下了心愿：将用我手中的画笔为这些无名的英雄造像立传！

Time goes by, the battlefield from more than 100 years ago is now rejuvenated, when praying to the tall "Gyangze Dzong Heroes Memorial Monument", I made a wish: I will use the brush in my hands to remember these anonymous heroes!

杨云画作 Yang Yun's Painting