画家杨云：藏地画谈—

画家杨云：藏地画谈——放生灵

日期：2021-7-27 作者：Aipunyc 分类： 2021 浏览：236

画家杨云

Painter Yang Yun

这是第二个藏历新年在甘南夏河古城度过。

This is the second Tibetan New Year to be spent in the ancient city of Xiahe in Gannan.

横贯夏河城主街的尽头，便是著名的拉卜楞寺，每天熙熙攘攘的人群涌向拉卜楞寺朝拜，夹杂在人群中时不时会有头系红布条，身披长毛的山羊跟随着朝拜人的脚步前行，人们总会拿出备好的青稞糍粑喂食他们，人与羊显得和谐亲密，一切是那么自然。这些羊被称为“神羊”,是专为神而放生的，这就是藏区的“热拉”—放生羊。

Across the end of the main street of Xiahe City is the famous Labrang Monastery. Every day, the bustling crowd flocks to Labrang Monastery to worship. In the crowd, there are red cloth strips on their heads and long-haired goats following the pilgrimage. On the way, people will always take out the prepared highland barley cakes to feed them. People and goat appear harmonious and close, everything is so natural. These goats are called "sacred goats" and are released exclusively for the gods. This is the "Re La" in Tibetan areas--- the released goat.

在拉卜楞寺转经道口的桥头上，一只气度不凡的神羊站在阳光下，一身白里透金的长毛齐地，头部、尾部四蹄黑色。一对月牙状的弯角，优雅的卷向脑后，一撮乌黑的长毛从颈部垂下，增添了几分潇洒。金色的眼球内黑色的眼珠神光灵动，这是我见过的最美的山羊。我忍不住轻轻的抚摸它，拿出包内的面包喂它。时而，他用身体靠靠我并用头触碰我，变化着姿态任我拍照，真有灵气。我半个上午不忍离去，准备的午饭让他吃了大半......

On the bridgehead at the turn-by-pass of Labrang Monastery, a sacred goat with extraordinary bearing stands in the sun, the white and golden long fur on the ground, with the head, tail, and hooves black. A pair of crescent-shaped horns, elegantly curled behind the head, a strip of long black hair hanging down from the neck, adding a bit of chicness. The black pupils in the golden eyeballs are bright and brilliant. This is the most beautiful goat I have ever seen. I couldn't help touching him lightly, taking out the bread in the bag, and feeding him. From time to time, he leaned against me with his body and touched me with his head, changing his posture and allowing me to take pictures. He was really lively. I couldn't bear to leave for half the morning, and the lunch I prepared was almost finished by him...

据说，在日喀则扎布伦寺的展佛墙下，也有一只这样的神羊，他每天准时站在一块刻有经文的巨石上，接受排成长队的信众的朝拜。信众手捧糍粑依次走到他的面前，神羊用嘴在信众头上触碰一下后，接受他们手中的食物，举止淡定有序，配合默契，如同高僧行“摸顶“礼，令人称奇叫绝，惊讶不已。

It is said that under the Buddha exhibition wall of Zabulun Monastery in Xigaze, there is also such a sacred goat. He stands on a boulder engraved with scriptures on time every day and accepts the worship of a long line of believers. The believers walked in front of him one by one, holding the glutinous rice cakes in their hands. After the goat touched the believers’ heads with their mouths, they accepted the food in their hands, behaved calmly and orderly, cooperated with tacit understanding, just like a high monk’s “touching” ceremony, which is absolutely amazing and surprising.

“放生”藏语叫做“次塔尔”，“次”意为“命”，“塔尔”为“赎出”之意，待宰杀的牲畜从屠刀下被救赎，从此不役不杀，任其终老。这一善举被称为放生。

"To release" in Tibetan language is "Tsi-ta-er", "Tsi" means "Life", "Ta-er" means "Redeem". They save the cattle from the butcher knife and let them live until death. This kind act is called releasing.

在藏区，放生的习俗已有上千年的历史牛、羊、鱼、鸡、鸭等生灵都是放生的对象。选定放生的牛羊具有很大的随意性，即为天意。牧区的藏人在自家的牛羊群中随意抛出套绳，被套之牛羊确定为放生。农区藏民都会去市场买下正待宰杀的牛羊放生，被定为放生的牛羊每日由主人带去寺庙转经朝佛，择其吉日在头上系上红布条,。在转经时将其放生于世，由转经信众喂养他们，自由自在，直到自然终老。

In Tibetan areas, the custom of releasing animals has a history of thousands of years. Animals such as cattle, goat, fish, chickens, and ducks are all released. The cattle and goat selected for release have a lot of randomnesses, which is God's will. The Tibetans in the pastoral areas randomly throw nooses among their cattle and goat, and the one they got is determined to be released. Tibetans in rural areas will go to the market to buy cattle and goat that are waiting to be slaughtered and release them. The cattle and goat that are designated as released are taken to the temple by the owner every day to go to the Buddha and tie red cloth strips on their heads on their auspicious days. They will be released into the world when praying, and they will be fed by the believers, free and comfortable until they die naturally.

每年藏历4月15日，释迦牟尼诞生的吉日是西藏的放生日。这一月里，全月禁止宰杀任何牲畜。在拉萨河畔布达拉宫的龙潭公园，络绎不绝的放生信众把花数百上千元买来的鱼、鸭放入水中，撒下青稞、糍粑布施祈福，所有的寺庙喇嘛闭门不出，静居寺内“长净”，避免稍有不慎，踩杀生灵。

Every year on April 15th in the Tibetan calendar, the auspicious day of Shakyamuni’s birth is Tibet’s release day. During this month, the slaughter of any livestock is prohibited. In the Longtan Park of the Potala Palace on the Lhasa River, a continuous stream of free believers put fish and ducks bought for hundreds of thousands of dollars into the water and sprinkle barley and rice cakes to pray for blessings. All the monks and lamas kept their doors closed. Staying quietly in the temple for "Long Silence" to avoid any carelessness that might lead them to step on and kill creatures.

为了生存，平时藏民们也少不了宰杀牛羊度日，对此人们都感罪孽深重，心怀愧疚，常常用放生以求赎罪，并把牛羊形象请刻经人刻在玛尼石上，把牛羊头供奉在玛尼堆，宅门房顶上敬拜，祈福神的饶恕。

In order to survive, Tibetans usually slaughter cattle and goat. For this people feel that they are deeply sinful and feel guilty. The animals' shapes are engraved on Mani Stones and the heads are worshiped on Mani piles on the roof to pray for God's forgiveness.

藏传佛教信奉“慈悲为怀”，佛经中就有一切有为之善业，放生功德最大之说，救赎一条生命也就会使你的生命增寿。日积月累，功德圆满会得到神的加持而超度，放生是一种良善的慈悲情怀也是一束人性中耀眼的光影，它倡导人与大自然的和睦相处，珍惜生命，让人间充满爱。

Tibetan Buddhism believes in "compassion". The greatest merit in the script is releasing life. Saving a life increases your life. Over time, the accomplishment of merits will be blessed by God and the souls will be freed. Releasing is a kind of compassion and dazzling light of human nature, it advocates harmony between man and nature, cherishes life, and makes people full of love.

杨云的作品Yang Yun's Works